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Coffee with INCANTO: A walk through the history, culture and architecture of Puerto Rico

Updated: Jun 21

Discover Puerto Rico's rich architectural history, exploring styles from pre-Colonial to contemporary designs, and learn how the island's unique culture has shaped its architecture.


Welcome back, fellow readers! Make sure to take a moment to grab a coffee, tea, or drink of choice, and settle in as we get started! Today’s topic is centered on the wide variety of architectural styles that one will find in Puerto Rico. The island has a rich architectural heritage, reflecting a blend of indigenous, African, European, and American influences. This mix has resulted in a range of unique styles that are popular from coast to coast.




From the pre-Colonial structures to the contemporary designs of today, Puerto Rico's architecture tells the story and culture. To better appreciate that story it’s important to learn a little bit about each architectural style you might find. Below you’ll find a little blurb about each style in chronological order. Sit back, relax and enjoy the ride!


Pre-Colonial Architecture


To explore pre-Columbian architecture, one of the most fascinating places is the Cagüana Indigenous Ceremonial Center in Utuado, PR. This site features a collection of stone structures that have been used for religious ceremonies by the indigenous people. The ceremonial center is still open to visitors and offers a glimpse into the island's history.


Curious fact: The indigenous people of Puerto Rico, the Taíno, were the original inhabitants of the island. They built structures such as the bohíos, or circular covered huts, and the caneyes, or rectangular structures with straw-covered roofs. Though physical remnants of the Taíno architecture are rare, they can still be seen in Puerto Rico.


Spanish Colonial Architecture


This style is characterized by its use of clay tiles, stucco walls, and wrought iron details, such as balcony railings and gates. The Spanish colonial homes in Puerto Rico often have courtyards, fountains, and gardens. Though the more notable presence of this style can be found in Old San Juan and other locations, including Ponce, the Spanish colonial features can be found across the entire island.


Curious fact: The Spanish colonial style is second oldest architectural style in Puerto Rico. The Spanish colonizers imposed their architectural style to Puerto Rico in the 16th century, and it became the dominant style for the next few centuries.

Neoclassical architecture


Classic forms, such as columns, pediments, and cornices. Many of Puerto Rico's neoclassical buildings are large and imposing, such as government buildings, banks, and mansions.


Curious fact: Neoclassical architecture became popular in Puerto Rico during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Art Deco Architecture


The use of geometric shapes, bold colors, and elaborate ornamentation, characterized this style. Many of the Art Deco buildings in Puerto Rico have rounded corners, curved balconies, and stylized motifs. Some great locations where you can see this style include Santurce and Miramar!


Curious fact: Art Deco became popular in Puerto Rico during the 1930s and 1940s.


Modern Architecture


It emphasizes on by clean lines, minimalist design, and the use of new materials such as concrete and steel. Examples of modern architecture in Puerto Rico include the Universidad de Puerto Rico, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, and the Puerto Rico ConventionCenter. Many modern homes in Puerto Rico feature expansive windows and open floor plans.


Curious fact: After World War II, Puerto Rico experienced a boom in construction and many new buildings were constructed in a modernist style.


Caribbean Architecture


Characterized by its use of vibrant colors, wooden shutters, and breezy, open spaces. Many of the Caribbean homes in Puerto Rico have expansive verandas, which serve as outdoor living spaces.


Curious fact: The Caribbean style is a hybrid of many architectural styles, including Spanish, African, and indigenous influences.


Contemporary Architecture


The Contemporary style is an upcoming trend in Puerto Rico, characterized by its use of sustainable materials, energy-efficient features, and innovative design.


Curious fact: Many contemporary homes in Puerto Rico feature green roofs, rainwater harvesting systems, and other eco-friendly features.


 

Whether you prefer the traditional elegance of Spanish colonial homes, the sleek minimalism of modernarchitecture, or the colorful charm of Caribbean homes, there is sure to be a style that appeals to your tastes and preferences.


Puerto Rico's diverse architectural styles reflect its rich history and cultural heritage. This richness is one of the things that makes walking its streets a reminder of the lives lived and lost over time. The most important thing we should do is learn about them to further appreciate their presence.


Thanks for joining, all! See you soon!



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